我国普惠金融发展的地区差异及其影响因素

Regional differences and influencing factors of inclusive finance development in China

我国普惠金融发展迅速,但发展较不平衡,区域差异较大。运用主成分分析法构建普惠金融评价指数,测评全国31个省区的普惠金融发展状况,利用多元线性回归模型探讨影响各区域普惠金融发展水平的因素。结果表明:北上广等东部地区普惠金融发展指数较高,而西部地区如青海、宁夏、西藏等地区普惠金融指数较低;由实证分析可得,区域普惠金融发展水平与拥有大专以上学历的人数、城乡居民加权年均收入、财政支出规模、金融相关率等因素显著相关。为提升普惠金融发展水平,需提升国民教育水平,统筹城乡发展提高居民收入,加大财政支出力度,完善金融机构自身建设以扩大金融覆盖面。

The inclusive finance development in China is rapid,but the development is more uneven,and regional differences are large.The principal component analysis(PCA)is used to construct inclusive finance evaluation index,so as to evaluate the development of inclusive finance in the 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities of China.The multiple linear regression model is utilized to explore the factors affecting the development level of inclusive finance in various regions.The results show that the index of inclusive finance development is higher in the eastern regions,such as Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangzhou;while the index of inclusive finance development is lower in the western regions,such as Qinghai,Ningxia,and Tibet.The research also shows that the development level of inclusive finance is signi ficantly correlated to the factors such as the number of people received higher education,the weighted average annual income of the residents in urban and rural areas,the scales of fiscal expenditures,and the finance relatedness,etc.To improve the development level of inclusive finance,it is necessary to strengthen the level of national education,coordinate the development of urban and rural areas so as to increase resident income,increase the level of fiscal expenditure,and improve the self construction of financial institutions so as to expand financial coverage.