汉语紧缩句语用失误探究:句法—语用互动视角

Pragmatic Failure in The Use of Chinese Contracted Sentences from The Perspective of Syntax-Pragmatics Interaction

本文从句法—语用互动视角探析话语交际中紧缩句语用失误问题,认为从共时角度来看,交际双方对说话人语用意图凸显程度的认知差异可导致紧缩句字面意义及其会话含义表达失误,从历时角度来看,交际双方对紧缩结构语法化进程中语用规约凸显程度的认知差异则可导致紧缩句逻辑关系意义或非逻辑关系意义表达失误。同时指出,规避语用失误的根本途径在于说话人元语用意识的提升。

This paper analyzes the pragmatic failures of contracted sentences in utterance communication.The finding reveals that synchronically,the cognitive differences between the interlocutors with regard to the prominence of the speaker’s pragmatic intention can lead to failures in the expression of literal meanings and conversational implicatures,And diachronically,the interlocutors’cognitive differences concerning the prominence of pragmatic conventions in the process of grammaticalization of contracted structures can lead to failed expression of logically encoded meanings or nonlogical default meanings of related contracted sentences.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the basic way to avoid pragmatic failure is to develop or enhance the speaker’s metapragmatic awareness.