河冰遥感监测研究进展

Advances in Remote Sensing of River Ice

河冰是寒冷季节河水冻结的一种常见现象,河水冻结会对水文、运输、环境等产生一系列的重要影响。河冰监测既可为研究寒冷地区水循环与水资源管理提供参考,也可为水利工程建设和航运安全提供依据。遥感技术可以实现对大范围河冰的快速观测,且成本低、时间和空间分辨率均较高,被认为是监测河冰的有效方法之一。首先,以不同类型传感器为顺序,客观地阐述当前河冰遥感监测研究与应用进展。多光谱遥感数据因其较高的空间分辨率和时间分辨率得到了广泛的应用,主要用于开河日/封河日、河冰分布范围与面积的监测。微波遥感数据因其独特的穿透能力常用来监测河冰类型与厚度。其次,探讨了河冰遥感监测技术未来的发展趋势,以及河冰遥感的机遇和挑战。当前无人机和探地雷达等一些新技术也应用到了河冰遥感监测领域,未来应加强多传感器联合监测以提高监测效果。河冰遥感研究需要与水文模型、气候模型相结合,实现遥感观测与模型的相互协作,优势互补,促进河冰监测更深入地研究。

River ice is a common phenomenon of water freezing in the cold season,which will have a series of important effects on hydrology,transportation,and the environment.River ice monitoring can not only provide a reference for the study of the water cycle and water resources management in cold regions,but also provide a basis for water conservancy project construction and shipping safety.Remote sensing technology can realize the rapid observation of a large range of river ice with low cost and high temporal and spatial resolution,which is considered as one of the effective methods to monitor river ice.In this paper,the research and application progress of remote sensing monitoring of river ice were described objectively in the order of different types of sensors.Multi-spectral remote sensing data have been widely used because of their high spatial and temporal resolution.They are mainly used to monitor the distribution range and area of river ice.Microwave remote sensing data are often used to monitor the type and thickness of river ice due to their unique penetrating ability.Secondly,the future development trend of river ice remote sensing monitoring technology as well as the opportunities and challenges of river ice remote sensing were discussed.At present,some new technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)and Ground-Penetrating Radar(GPR)have also been applied to the field of remote sensing monitoring of river ice.In the future,multi-sensor joint monitoring should be strengthened to improve the monitoring effect.River ice remote sensing research needs to be combined with hydrological and climate models to realize the mutual-cooperation and complementary advantages of remote sensing observations and the models,and promote more in-depth research on river ice monitoring.