国际核秩序转型视角下美国对联邦德国核战略的调整(1960—1969)

The Transformation of International Nuclear Order and the Adjustment of the Nuclear Strategy of the United States to the Federal Republic of Germany(1960—1969)

20世纪60年代美苏核打击能力日益接近,两国陷入“恐怖平衡”之中。美国意识到必须构建具有核不扩散特征的新型国际核秩序才能保障国家安全,为此,终止了有利于联邦德国拥核的“多边核力量”计划,并迫使联邦德国签署《核不扩散条约》。美国对联邦德国核战略的转变,虽然在全球范围内降低了核战争爆发的风险,保证了美国安全,但加剧了美国与联邦德国之间的离心倾向。为此,联邦德国放弃了“哈尔斯坦主义”外交战略,转而实施与社会主义国家改善关系的更具灵活性的“新东方政策”。从中反映出,国际核秩序转型的实质是各国在核领域的权力再分配,从而影响到各国外交战略的制定与实施。

The gap of nuclear strike capability between the United States and the Soviet Union became closer and the two countries fell into a terror balance in the 1960s. Consequently, the United States was aware of the need to establish a new international nuclear order characterized by nuclear non-proliferation in order to safeguard national security.For this reason, the United States terminated the multilateral force plan which was conducive to the Federal Republic of Germany to acquire nuclear weapons and forced the Federal Republic of Germany to sign the nuclear non-proliferation treaty.The transformation of the nuclear strategy of the United States towards the Federal Republic of Germany reduced the risk of nuclear war on a global scale and ensured the security of the United States.But it intensified the centrifugal tendency between the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany Consequently, the Federal Republic of Germany gave up the diplomatic strategy on Hallstein Doctrine and implemented a more flexible Ostpolitik to improve relations with socialist countries.It reflects that the essence of the transformation of the international nuclear order is the redistribution of power in the nuclear field, which affects the formulation and implementation of foreign strategies in every country.