外泌体在骨改建中的功能及其在正畸牙移动中的作用

Function of exosomes in bone remodeling and the application in orthodontic tooth movement

骨改建的动态平衡对于维持骨稳态有着至关重要的作用。骨改建是维持正常骨骼结构的重要环节,也是正畸牙移动和保持的生理基础。正畸力作用过程中,对牙周组织一方面产生了压力,另一方面又形成牵张力。牙周组织在压力侧和张力侧的信号通路和代谢反应截然不同,同时涉及以成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨细胞为主的骨稳态和牙周组织、周围神经血管等组织参与的复杂过程。而外泌体在正畸牙移动的微环境中,不同细胞分泌特定蛋白质、小分子核糖核酸及其他生长因子,在细胞间通信中起必不可少的中介作用。文章就骨改建相关外泌体的功能及其在正畸牙移动中的作用做一阐述。

The dynamic balance of bone remodeling plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis.Bone remodeling is an important link to maintain normal bone structure,and it is also the physiological basis for orthodontic tooth movement and maintenance. During orthodontic treatment,the periodontal tissue is under pressure on the one side and tension on the other side. The signal pathways and metabolic responses of periodontal tissues on the pressure side and the tension side are completely different,and they are also involved in the complex processes of cell homeostasis mainly composed of osteoblasts,osteoclasts,osteoblasts and peripheral nerve vessels. In the microenvironment of orthodontic tooth movement,exosomes secrete specific proteins,microRNAs and other growth factors,which play an essential mediating role in cell cross-talk. This paper summarizes the function of exosomes associated with bone remodeling and the role of exosomes in orthodontic tooth movement.