腰椎间盘蠕变特性的研究进展

Research progress in creep characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disc

目的总结腰椎间盘蠕变特性的研究进展。方法广泛查阅国内外近年相关文献,就腰椎间盘蠕变的概念和结构基础、蠕变特性的描述及其影响因素的研究进展进行总结分析。结果椎间盘具有黏弹性,施加负荷后其形变随时间改变而增加,但增加程度与时间并非成线性关系,也就是蠕变。椎间盘蠕变在缓冲人体活动产生的负荷并吸收能量以保持脊柱稳定移动中起重要作用。实验研究和仿真研究能够较好地描述椎间盘的蠕变行为,通过标准线性固体模型在内的多种模型以及相应本构方程可以对蠕变特性进行量化并比较,进而阐明椎间盘退变程度以及应力加载模式对椎间盘蠕变特性的影响。结论蠕变特性是椎间盘重要的力学性能,深入理解腰椎间盘的蠕变特性对于下腰痛的干预和治疗具有较强的指导意义。

Objective To summarize the research progress in creep characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disc.Methods The relevant literature at home and abroad was systematically searched.Then,the concept and structural basis of lumbar disc creep,the description of creep characteristics,and the latest progress of its influencing factors were summarized and analyzed.Results The intervertebral disc is viscoelastic.After loading,the deformation increases with time.However,the degree of increase is not linear with time.That is creep,which plays an important role in buffering the load generated by human activities and absorbing energy in order to maintain stable movement of the spine.Both experimental and simulation studies can well describe the creep behavior of intervertebral disc.Various models including standard linear solid model and corresponding constitutive equations can quantify and compare the creep characteristics,which can be obviously changed by the degeneration of intervertebral disc and the mode of loading stress.Conclusion Creep is an important mechanical properties of intervertebral discs,and an in-depth understanding of the creep characteristics of lumbar intervertebral discs is of great guiding significance for the intervention and treatment of low back pain.