紫禁城古建筑中的“天人合一”思想研究

Study on the Theory of"Harmony Between Nature and Mankind"Applied in the Ancient Buildings in the Forbidden City

基于分析归纳方法,研究了紫禁城古建筑蕴含的"天人合一"思想,结果表明:紫禁城及其中部分古建筑的命名源于天象;紫禁城古建筑的布局或与天象相符,或顺应自然运行规律;建筑屋顶采用朝向天宇的多个神兽,屋檐采用反宇做法,立面采用"天圆地方"的尺寸比例,屋内采用藻井造型,均寓意古代帝王对上天的敬仰和顺从;建筑的内、外部空间不仅满足功能需求,而且与自然规律相适应;建筑数字多采用最大的天数"九"。因此,"天人合一"思想在紫禁城古建筑中得到了充分运用。

With the method of analysis and induction, this article deals with the study of "harmony between nature and mankind," a design theory applied in ancient buildings in the Forbidden City. The result shows that the names of the Forbidden City and the architecture within this palace have connections with astronomical phenomena. The arrangement of the Forbidden City corresponds with celestial events or comply with the rule of nature. There is a series of mythical beast statuette on the palace’s rooftop, while the eaves are designed into cornices. The facade ratio adheres to Spherical Heavens and Flat Earth, a traditional design principle in ancient China. When we enter the palace, we can see the ingenious Caissons hanging at the center of the ceiling. The caissons symbolize the emperor’s admiration and obedience to the Universe. The inner and outer space not only provide specific functions but also comply with the rule of nature. As for the number of buildings, ancient people preferred 9, which is the biggest number in Chinese tradition. In conclusion, the theory of harmony between nature and mankind is fully applied in the Forbidden City.