基于实测数据的高铁候车厅声环境特征分析

Anaylsis on acoustic environment in waiting room of high-speed railway station based on measured data

为探究人群活动噪声、公共广播声及列车经过时的噪声对高铁候车厅声环境的影响,以1个高架候车厅和3个线下式候车厅作为研究对象,采用现场实测的方式分析了这3类声音的声压级、频谱特性以及影响因素.结果表明,人群活动噪声的A声级与候车厅内的旅客数量成对数关系.广播声能量主要分布在500~1000 Hz的中高频率段,且信噪比为6.9~11.1 dB.列车经过时的噪声频谱曲线中,100 Hz以下存在明显的低频噪声峰值,此时的噪声能量超过相关标准限值,且对线下式候车厅的影响要高于高架候车厅.研究结果有利于进一步了解高铁候车厅声环境规律,为改善声环境提供参考意见.

To explore the effects of crowd activity noise,public broadcasting sound and train passing noise on the acoustic environment in the waiting halls of high-speed railway,an elevated waiting hall and three offline waiting halls were used as the research objects.The sound pressure level,the frequency spectrum characteristics and the influencing factors of the three types of sound were analyzed by field measurements.The results show that the A-weighted sound level of crowd activity noise has a logarithmic relationship with the number of the passengers in the waiting hall.The broadcast sound energy is mainly distributed in the middle and high frequency ranges of 500 to 1000 Hz and the signal-to-noise ratio is 6.9 to 11.1 dB.In the noise spectrum curve,there are obvious low-frequency noise peaks below 100 Hz when the train passes.The energy of the noise exceeds the limit of the relevant standard,and the effect on the offline waiting hall is greater than that in the elevated waiting hall.The results are helpful to further understand the rules of the acoustic environment in high-speed railway waiting halls and provide a reference for improving the acoustic environment.