基于多类型雨量计的降雨特性分析

Analysis of rainfall characteristics based on multiple types of rain gauges

为提高对降雨特性的认识,选择常用的6种测雨设备(翻斗式SL3-1、JDZ05、RG-3,称重式Pluvio2,雨滴谱仪Parsivel2和非计数式JQH-1),成对布设在南京水利科学研究院滁州水文实验基地的同一个实验场地,同步观测了2019年4月1日至8月31日为期5个月的降雨过程。比测分析得到:在中大雨条件下(日雨量≥10 mm),SL3-1和JDZ05测的降雨总量能够满足4%误差控制要求,RG-3、Pluvio2和Parsivel2测的降雨量比JQH-1测值小4%;在小雨条件下(日雨量<10 mm),翻斗式和称重式雨量计的测量值小于JQH-1测值的4%;SL3-1、RG-3、Pluvio2、Parsivel2测得雨强≤0.1 mm/min的频率大于75%,雨强≤0.2 mm/min条件下的雨量累积比重大于50%;Pluvio2和Parsivel2监测的降雨开始时间比SL3-1分别早0.5 h和2 h以上,而结束时间分别晚0.5 h和2 h以上。比测结果有助于研究人员选择合适的测量设备获取所关注的降雨特性。

A thorough understanding of the characteristics of rainfall helps conduct research on runoff simulation,soil erosion,climate change and so forth.In this study,in order to enhance the understanding of rainfall characteristics,six co mmon types of rain gauges(SL3-1,JDZ05,RG-3,Pluvio2,Parsivel2 and JQH-1)were deployed with pairs in the same experimental field,and the rainfall over five months was observed.The results of an intercomparison demonstrated the following:(1)Under moderate and heavy rain conditions(daily rainfall≥10 mm),the total rainfall measured by SL3-1 and JDZ05 were within the error limit of 4%;however,under light rain conditions(daily rainfall<10 mm),the total rainfall measured by the tipping-bucket and by weighing types of rain gauges were 4%less than JQH-1;(2)The frequency of rainfall intensity of≤0.1 mm/min was almost higher than 75%for SL3-1,RG-3,Pluvio2 and Parsivel2,and the proportion of rain was more than 50%when the rainfall intensity was≤0.2 mm/min;(3)The initiation times of rainfall,determined by Pluvio2 and Parsivel2,were 0.5 h and 2 h earlier than SL3-1,respectively,while the termination times of rainfall were 0.5 and 2 h later than SL3-1,respectively.These findings will allow researchers to select appropriate rain gauges to determine rainfall characteristics of interest.