新疆山地冰川变化及影响研究进展

Advances in research on changes and effects of glaciers in Xinjiang mountains

揭示新疆山地冰川变化及其影响,对新疆山地-绿洲-荒漠系统的健康和稳定发展意义重大。系统梳理新疆冰川物理变化、化学过程、生物资源、气候响应与生态效应等研究成果。结果表明:(1)新疆山地冰川总体上呈加速消融之势,且受地形、气候影响,冰川变化的区域性差异明显;(2)气溶胶解释了乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川表层物质的组成与来源,同位素定量了各流域径流中冰川融水的比例;(3)冰川变化对极端微生物生存条件、空间分布的影响研究较为成熟,但其与生物资源间的综合反馈机理尚不明晰;(4)冰川消融对水资源的影响随冰川融水拐点的到来而加剧,造成的生态服务缩减和冰雪产业损失日益凸显。制定统一的冰川提取标准、扩宽研究视角、全面系统观测冰川、提高模拟预测精度、加强灾害预警与制定对策是未来新疆山地冰川研究的关注点。

Identifying the changes and impacts of mountain glaciers is of great significance to the healthy and stable development of the mountain-oasis-desert system in Xinjiang.This paper systematically combs through the research results of the physical changes,chemical processes,biological resources,climate response,and ecological effects of Xinjiang glaciers.The results revealed that:(1)Xinjiang mountain glaciers generally demonstrated a tendency of an accelerated melting,were affected by topography and climate,and there were pronounced regional differences in the glacier changes.(2)Aerosols explained the composition and source of surface material on Glacier No.1 at the headwater of the Urumqi River,and findings revealed that the glacier isotope quantified the proportion of glacial meltwater in the runoff of each basin.(3)The effect of glacier changes on the living conditions and spatial distribution of extremophiles is relatively significant,but the comprehensive feedback mechanism between the changes and biological resources is still unclear.(4)The impact of glacier melting on water resources is aggravated from the inception of the inflection point of the glacier meltwater,resulting in the reduction of ecological services and the loss of ice and snow industries.The development of unified glacier extraction standards,broadening of research perspectives,comprehensive and systematic observation of glaciers,improvement in simulation prediction accuracy,improving the technique of disaster warning,and development of countermeasures are the focus of future research on mountain glaciers in Xinjiang.