论风险社会视域下个人信息保护公益诉讼的优化进路

The Optimization Approach of Personal Information Protection Public Interest Litigation from the Perspective of Risk Society

肇始于互联网时代的个人信息保护风险具有人为性和现代性,符合风险社会语境中“风险”的核心特征。在风险社会的视角下,过于信奉以“技术决定论”为代表的技术理性的思维模式是产生个人信息保护风险的根源。以隐含价值理性的公益诉讼制度弥补单向度技术理性的缺陷,进而应对不断积聚的个人信息保护风险成为当下司法实践的有效选择。以个人信息保护风险的不同来源为切入点,提炼出界分于私益诉讼的个人信息保护公益诉讼的三种样态。反思风险、预防风险、应对风险是控制与消解现代性风险的思维逻辑链,在厘清个人信息保护公益诉讼可能样态的基础上,通过适度扩张原告主体资格、探索适宜的诉讼机制、完善不同主体间的协同制度三个逐级递进的举措构建起较为完善的公益诉讼制度,最终助推个人信息保护的治理实现法治化与现代化。

The personal information protection risks that began in the Internet Era is artificial and modern,and conform to the core characteristic of“risk”in the theory of Risk Society.From the perspective of risk society,the risk of personal information protection roots in the technical rational thinking model,such as technological determinism.It has become an effective choice for the current judicial practice to make up for the shortcomings of one-dimensional technical rationality with the public interest litigation system with implicit value rationality,and then to cope with the accumulation of personal information protection risks.Taking the different sources of personal information protection risks as the starting point,we classify three types of personal information protection public interest litigation that are separated from private interest litigation.Reflecting on risk,preventing risk,and responding to risk are the logical chain to control and eliminate modernity risk.On the basis of clarifying the possible forms of personal information protection public interest litigation,a relatively complete public interest litigation system is constructed through three progressive measures:appropriately expanding the qualifications of the plaintiff,exploring appropriate litigation mechanisms,and improving the coordination system between different entities.And it is believed that ultimately these steps will contribute to the governance of personal information protection to realize legalization and modernization.