核能外交的理论与实践——兼评俄罗斯的国际核能合作

Theory and Practice of Nuclear Diplomacy:A Concurrent Study of Russia's International Nuclear Cooperation

在能源全球化和能源相互依存日益加深的背景下,解决能源可持续发展问题的必要性凸显。同时,由于核能所具有的地缘政治属性,当今许多国家的对外政策及其对外经济部门在核领域的能源外交活动日趋活跃。目前,在全球、区域、国家和企业等各级层面,围绕核能议题业已形成一个世界政治与外交的“治理中心”体系,双边与多边核能外交的体制和法律框架也逐步确立。以原子能集团公司为核心的俄罗斯核工业部门是俄经济发展最主要的创新驱动力,核大国地位也是俄罗斯在世界上享有特殊地缘战略地位的重要标志。近年来,俄罗斯核工业迅猛发展,在国际核能合作领域占有重要地位且竞争优势明显,对本国制造业的带动作用也十分显著。中俄核能合作是在和平利用原子能协议框架内进行的,并不断取得突破,对于助推中国核电“走出去”战略具有重要意义。

A system of Governance Center has been developed at global,regional,national and corporate levels regarding nuclear power in conjunction with the gradual establishment of bilateral and multilateral regime plus a legal framework.The Atomic Energy Corporation is the central holding company for Russia's entire nuclear energy complex and the nuclear industry has been the major innovative drive of Russia's economy.In recent years,the rapidly growing nuclear industry,with distinct competitive advantage,has been playing an important role in both international nuclear cooperation and the development of Russia's domestic manufacturing industry.With breakthroughs achieved within the framework of the agreement of using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes,Sino-Russian nuclear cooperation also favorable for the walk-out strategy of China's nuclear industry.