发展阶段、技术民族主义与全球化格局调整——兼论大国政治驱动的新区域主义

Development Stages,Technological Nationalism and Globalization Structure Change:On New Regionalism Driven by Major Power Politics

在全球化深度发展与融合过程中,国家对外经济关系经历了从贸易竞争、产业竞争到技术竞争的演化。从发展阶段、技术民族主义和大国关系的角度分析世界政治经济关系,能为当前全球化发展格局的调整提供新的解释视角。国家所处的发展阶段是决定其对外经济政策的重要因素,伴随发展阶段差异的逐渐消弭,国家间经济关系将经历从依附、合作到竞争的转型。考虑到大国经济体量、经济制度等因素,处于相近发展阶段的大国之间会表现出更为显著的技术竞争关系。当前,大国力量格局分化使得国家间竞争关系显性化,技术竞争是国家间竞争的高级形态,大国期望通过核心技术领域的垄断维系其产业竞争优势。而技术竞争力的实现需要依托稳定的市场空间,技术民族主义和市场保护主义因此形成一组相互强化的孪生机制。美国等西方国家积极推动以技术安全为导向、极具意识形态色彩的泛区域化合作机制,构成新区域主义的主要表现形态,并将对既有全球化格局产生深远影响。

Along with globalization deepening,the foreign economic relations of a country have undergone the development and evolution from trade competition,industrial competition to technological competition.An analysis of world political and economic relations from the perspectives of technological nationalism and relations among great powers can provide a new perspective for the adjustment of the current globalization structure.With the gradual elimination of differences in development stage,which is an important factor determining a country s foreign economic policy,the economic relations between countries will undergo a transition from dependence,cooperation to competition.Considering the economic size,economic system and other factors,super powers in similar development stages show more significant technological competition relationships than others.The conflict between the world market and national interests will further influence the policy behavior of national states.Furthermore,the change of global-wide power balance is also accelerating the conflict and division between world marketism and technology nationalism.Technological competition is an advanced form of competition among countries,as the technology-based industry competition in the core field becomes the top priority for major powers to maintain their competitiveness.The realization of the technology competitiveness relies on a stable and effective market space.Therefore,technological nationalism and market protectionism form a set of mutually reinforcing twin mechanisms,which are becoming a driving force for the development of new regionalism in the post epidemic era.The United States and other Western countries actively promoting the pan-regionalization cooperation mechanism with technology security as the main purpose will exert a far-reaching influence on the existing globalization structure change.