列宁文本中国阅读的三重维度——基于《国家与革命》早期传播的考察

Three Dimensions of Reading Lenin in China:Based on an Investigation on the Early Spread of the State and Revolution

作为最早进入中国的列宁主义经典之一,《国家与革命》的早期阅读对中国早期知识分子的思想信仰和实践走向产生了深刻影响。英文本、日文本、俄文本以及中文摘译的阅读,使不同倾向的知识分子在全译本尚未问世的20世纪20年代基本掌握了列宁主义的主要内容,为他们投身各种思想论战提供了理论武器,而文本阅读所衍生的问题以及由此展开的争论又不断催育新理论的生长。在此基础上,一大批先进知识分子完成了思想转变,《国家与革命》也被视为中国革命的实践纲领和行动方略,成为融理论、纲领和方略为一体的中国共产党人的"圣经"。

As the first Leninist classic to enter China,the State and Revolution had a profound influence on the ideological beliefs and practical orientation of Chinese intellectuals in the early stage.The English,Japanese and Russian texts,as well as Chinese translations of excerpts from the book,enabled Chinese intellectuals of different tendencies to grasp the main contents of Leninism and provided them with theoretical weapons to engage in various ideological debates in the 1920s,when the full Chinese translation was not yet available.In addition,the problems and debates arising from the reading of these texts constantly fostered the growth of new theories.On this basis,a large number of advanced intellectuals completed their ideological transformation,and the State and Revolution was regarded as the practical program and action strategy of the Chinese revolution and became the"bible"of the Chinese Communists,which combined theory,platform,and strategy.