南宁市无偿献血人群HIV抗体初筛有反应确认结果分析

Analysis of the preliminary HIV antibody screening results among voluntary blood donors in Nanning City

目的了解南宁市无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况及流行趋势,为预防控制艾滋病提供参考依据。方法选取2017年-2018年南宁市中心血站送至本中心确证实验室的无偿献血人群HIV抗体初筛有反应样本,采用第四代ELISA法及快速试剂胶体硒法同时复检后,对有反应样本采用蛋白印迹法进行确证。结果在242例送检样本中第四代ELISA法、胶体硒法和蛋白免疫印迹法检测HIV抗体有反应/阳性数分别为106例(43.80%)、55例(22.73%)和52例(21.49%);在52例HIV感染者中,大部分为男性(80.77%),年龄以20岁~40岁中青年为主,自由职业和学生占比较大,文化程度以大中专为主,感染途径以性传播为主。结论血站在无偿献血人群血液检测中存在较高HIV筛查假阳性现象;无偿献血人群的检测策略有待提高。

Objective To understand the situation and epidemic trend of human immunodeficiency virus( HIV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Nanning city,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of AIDS. Methods HIV antibody reactive samples from voluntary blood donors from Nanning Central Blood Station from 2017 to 2018 were selected for preliminary screening. After simultaneous retesting by the fourth-generation ELISA method and the rapid reagent selenium method,the reactive samples were confirmed by Western blot. Results Among the 242 samples,106( 43. 80%),55( 22. 73%) and 52( 21. 49%) were tested positive for HIV antibody respectively by ELISA,colloidal selenium and protein Western blot. Among the 52 HIV infected patients,most of them were males( 80. 77%),mostly young and middle-aged people aged during 20-40 years old,mostly freelancers and students,mostly college and secondary school students,and mainly through sexual transmission. Conclusion The false positive rate of HIV screening is higher in the voluntary blood donors,and the detection strategy of voluntary blood donors needs to be improved.