宁德市沿海冬季水鸟资源调查与分析

Investigation on the Wintering Waterfowl of Coastal Ningde City

2016年、2018年和2020年,通过采用定点观察法对宁德市沿海的4个主要河口港湾湿地的越冬水鸟资源进行了调查,结果表明:3次共记录到水鸟37种,隶属7目10科20属,其中国家二级重点保护野生动物2种,分别为岩鹭(Egretta sacra)和黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor);福建省重点保护野生动物10种。在37种越冬水鸟中优势种为普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)、白鹭(Egretta garzetta)、黑腹滨鹬(Calidris alpina)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)、绿翅鸭(Anas crecca)、斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)和赤颈鸭(Anas penelope)。按居留型划分冬候鸟29种、留鸟8种。2020年1月水鸟群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H'=3.318)和Margalef丰富度指数(R=5.910)都相对最大;2016年1月水鸟群落的Pielou均匀性指数(J′=0.689)相对最大;2016年1月与2018年1月的水鸟群落相似性指数最高。

In 2016,2018 and 2020,the wintering waterfowl communities in coastal of the Ningde City were investigated.Result shows that in this section of the coastal,37 species belong to 20 genera,10 families and 7 orders of waterfowl are recorded.Among these species,two species of second-class national protected birds,namely Egretta sacra&Platalea minor,and 10 species are protected in Fujian Province.Phalacrocorax carbo,Egretta garzetta,Calidris alpina,Fulica atra,Anas crecca,Anas poecilorhyncha&Anas penelope were dominant species,each species has a dominance beyond 10%.Twenty-nine species of recorded birds were winter migratory birds and 12 species were residents;the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′=3.318)and the Margalef richness index(R=5.910)of the waterfowl community in January 2020 are relatively the highest,and the evenness index(J′=0.689)of the waterfowl community in January 2016 is relatively the highest;The waterfowl community in January 2016 and January 2018 are most similar.