教育对精准扶贫的重要作用——西北连片特困地区农村经济与教育发展关系的实证分析

The Important Role of Education in the Targeted-poverty Alleviation:Empirical Analysis on Rural Economy and Education Development in the Poverty-stricken Areas of Northwest China

文化和人力资本的匮乏容易导致贫困家庭后续发展乏力而无法脱贫或返贫。因此,发展农村教育,提升农户家庭成员文化和人力资本水平,是摆脱贫困和阻断代际传递的有效途径,也具有基础性和长效性的作用。我们对西北连片特困地区核心区域农户家庭的经济与教育发展状况进行调研分析后发现:农户家庭的收入/消费结构单一,教育投入的经济负担重,家庭成员受教育水平促进家庭经济发展的正效益显著;贫困家庭人力资源薄,后续发展潜力弱,人口老龄化问题严峻,与非贫困家庭发展差异明显;对摆脱贫困的具体教育需求程度高,且分布较集中。因此,我们应该把教育扶贫与经济扶贫相结合,加快推进农村教育普惠性改革,实施“教育下移”计划,推进教育进村入户的精准服务。

Poor families are unable to get rid of poverty and return to poverty due to the lack of cultural and human capital.Promoting the development of rural education and increasing the cultural and human capital of poor families is an effective way to get rid of poverty and block the intergenerational transmission,which has fundamental and long-term effects.The empirical analysis on the economic and educational development of peasant households in the core areas of the north-west poverty-stricken areas reveals that the income/consumption structure is single,that the economic burden of investment in education is heavy,and that the increasing educational level of peasant households members will obviously promote the benefit of peasant households economic development.Poor families have weak potential for sustained development of human resources,and the problem of population aging is severe.There are obvious differences between the development of poor families and that of non-poor families.There is a high demand for specific education to get rid of poverty,and the distribution is more concentrated.We need to combine the way of economical poverty alleviation and educational poverty alleviation,accelerate the inclusive reform of rural education,carry out the program of“Education Moving Down”,push education into the peasant households and provide targeted service.