两汉之际的东、西格局——以刘秀集团的东方建构与“长安系士人”的西方流寓为中心

East-West Pattern during the Interval of Two Han Dynasties:An Investigation around Liu Xiu's Eastern Construction and Surviving Han Official's Westward Exile

两汉之际的政治文化运作呈现一种地域分野的东、西格局。这一格局肇始于新莽时期东方灾荒对西方的冲击,关中出现“东方圣人受命”的谣言。崛起于关东的刘秀集团顺应谣言,围绕谶纬的“卯金出轸”和“东都洛邑”,编织“东帝”说。前汉遗臣“长安系士人”流寓于更始帝及陇蜀诸西方政权,在重建旧汉与另立新汉之间摇摆,一度支持隗嚣“西伯”和公孙述“白帝”诸西方受命说,最终以刘氏尧后论融入洛阳新汉朝。立足于东方或西方,能理出不同的天命承续线索。从东西格局入手,考察两汉之际合法性建构的复杂历程,揭示其时从复汉、易姓到新汉的舆论演变轨迹,此为东汉前期“创革”与“中兴”的合法性争议的前奏。

During the interval of Two Han Dynasties(9-24 AD),the political cultural practice presented a geographical East-West pattern.The pattern started by the famine rising from the east part of China that attacked Chang'An during Xin Mang Dynasty,because of which there was panicky rumor of“Sage from the east would be the emperor”spreading in the capital.Raising his power from the east,Liu Xiu complied with this rumor and claimed to be the Sage,constructing an“eastern emperor”theory by mystical divination.Meanwhile,in the west side,many surviving officials from Western Han exiled in different western kingdoms.They were in the dilemma of inheriting Han or originating a new dynasty,even creating a theory of“western emperor”for western rulers.The pattern of East and West leaded to different political legitimacy ideologies,foreshadowing the conflict of“restoration”and“origination”in the court of early Eastern Han.