苏轼“留带”故事的生成与流传——兼谈佛教“外护”问题

The Formation and Circulation of the Story of“Su Shi’s Leaving Belt as a Gift”and the Issue of Secular Protection in Buddhism

“留带”故事是宋代禅宗依靠苏轼与佛印之间的关系构建的一件士僧交往轶事。惠洪最早记录此事,其后故事在宋代的转变和定型同样源自僧人,故事传播之初也多依靠禅宗要籍,从而表现出明显的佛教立场。通过对故事内容的仔细研读和对比,可以看到“玉带”直接象征苏轼的官员身份,“机锋”是以禅师擅长的方式意图让东坡“留带”以“镇山门”。寺院和僧人是“留带”故事在后世传播的主要场地和力量,寺院珍藏玉带和修建玉带桥,僧人通过与士大夫文人的交往对故事进行口头宣传、行为效仿或诗文吟咏,这些都显示出佛教在世俗化背景下努力寻求外护力量的诉求。

The story of Su Shi's Leaving Belt as a Gift is an anecdote based on the relationship between Su Shi and Fo Yin built by the Zen in the Song Dynasty.Hui Hong first recorded this event,and then the subsequent change and stereotypes of the story in the Song Dynasty also originated from the monks.At the beginning of the circulation,the story's spread mostly relied on Zen books in the Song Dynasty,thus showing an obvious Buddhist position.Through careful study and comparison of the content of the story,it can be seen that the“Jade Belt”directly symbolizes Su Shi's official identity.“Ji Feng”is a way in which Zen masters are good at intent to make Su Shi leave the belt to protect Buddhism.Monasteries and monks are the main sites and forces for spreading stories in later ages.Monasteries cherish jade belts and build jade-belt Bridges.Monks carried out oral propaganda,behavioral imitation or writing poems on the stories through communication with scholars and literati.All those show the appeal of Buddhism to seek external protection under the secularization background.