煤基荧光碳点的制备与应用研究进展

A review on the preparation and applications of coal-based fluorescent carbon dots

煤炭的深加工与功能化是解决目前煤炭应用瓶颈的重要措施。近年来,新兴碳质纳米材料家族中的荧光碳点因其良好的生物相容性、元素无毒及可调节的荧光发射、优异的能量存储与转移等多种独特性能,在生物成像、化学传感、太阳能转化等众多领域表现出了巨大的应用前景。煤和煤的衍生物中含有大量的石墨结构微晶与稠环芳环团簇,由密集分布的碳氧键连接在一起,可以通过化学、电化学或物理方法将其打开,剥离出荧光碳点,所以分布范围广、储量大、价格低廉的煤炭是制备碳点的理想源材料。本文就煤基碳点的制备方法及其优缺点进行了总结,分析了煤及其衍生物种类与制备条件等对荧光碳点产物性能的影响。概述了煤基碳点及其复合体特性,以及它们在化学检测、生物成像、光催化等方面的应用,重点总结了煤基碳点对构筑异质结构性能的影响。最后,针对煤基碳点的发展前景进行了展望。通过该综述期望能为煤基碳点的制备与应用提供关键信息,从而为煤炭综合利用提供一种经济且可持续的选择。

Deep processing and functional applications of coal are important strategies to overcome the bottleneck of current coal applications.In recent years,the fluorescent carbon dots(CDs),a new member of the carbon nanomaterials family,have shown great application prospects in biological imaging,chemical sensing and photocatalysis owing to their excellent biocompatibility,non-toxicity,tunable fluorescence emission,outstanding energy storage performance and other unique properties.Coal and coal-derived materials contain large amounts of crystallite structure and condensed aromatic ring clusters,which are connected by the densely distributed carbon-oxygen bonds.The linkage can be broken by chemical,electrochemical or physical methods to obtain fluorescent CDs.Therefore,the coal and coal-derived materials with wide distribution,large reserves and low price are ideal source materials for preparation of CDs.Herein,we summarize the preparation methods of CDs from coal together with their merits and demerits.Meanwhile,the effects of the type of coal and coal-derived materials and preparation conditions on the properties of fluorescent CDs are analyzed.Furthermore,the properties and applications of coal-based CDs and their nanocomposites in chemical detection,biological imaging and photocatalysis are outlined with emphasis on the formation of heterogeneous structures in nanocomposites based on CDs.Finally,the future development of coal-based CDs is prospected.It is expected that this review will provide key information for the preparation and applications of coal-based CDs,thus providing an economical and sustainable choice for the comprehensive utilization of coal.