司马迁对刘邦的历史书写与人物塑造艺术

Sima Qian’s Historical Writing and Characterization of Liu Bang

《史记·高祖本纪》中司马迁将刘邦的“神性”描述贯穿始终,开篇塑造了刘邦从神性中诞生的市井小民形象,后续刻画出刘邦成长于实干中的神化领袖形象。司马迁以充满谐趣的笔墨为汉王朝的开国皇帝书写人生预言,对刘邦的造神式书写维护了汉政权的君权神授的合法性,稳定汉初民心,为刘氏后世子孙重建政权提供依据。司马迁对刘邦的塑造艺术在于其以神性开篇,以神化结尾,刘邦由一介草莽登上帝位,这样的历史神秘感被司马迁详细描写成刘邦的实干经过所解答,使刘邦从早年的神性预言中得到升华,被众人真正奉之为神。

In Shi Ji The Origin Of Gaozu,Sima Qian runs through the“divinity”of Liu Bang from beginning to end,shaping the image of Liu Bang as an ordinary citizen born from divinity at the beginning,and then portraying the image of Liu Bang as a divinity leader growing up in practice.Sima Qian wrote a life prophecy for the founding emperor of the Han dynasty with humorous writing,which protected the legitimacy of the divine right of the emperor of the Han dynasty,stabilized the people’s support in the early Han dynasty,and provided a basis for the reconstruction of the government of Liu’s descendants.Sima Qian’s description of Liu Bang begins with divinity and ends with deification.The deification of Liu Bang lies in the fact that Liu Bang ascended the throne from wild jungle.Such a sense of historical mystery was solved by the detailed description of Liu bang by Sima Qian.