船用钢制薄板金属粉芯焊丝单面焊双面成形工艺研究

Research on one-side welding with back formation on marine steel sheet based on metal cored wire

为实现船用钢制薄板单面焊双面成形高质高效的焊接,采用MAG焊接方法,使用φ(Ar)80%+φ(CO2)20%混合气体与直径1.2 mm的金属粉芯焊丝GCL-56,应用KUKA焊接机器人,研究了5 mm厚Q235B板I型坡口平位置对接单面焊双面成形的焊接过程.研究不同装配间隙工况下的焊接工艺参数优化,并与实心焊丝GML-56及药芯焊丝GFL-71单面焊双面成形进行工艺对比试验.试验结果表明:金属粉芯焊丝GCL-56单面焊双面成形对试板装配间隙的适应性强,有效试板装配间隙范围为1.8~2.5 mm;与实心焊丝GML-56和药芯焊丝GFL-71相比,其各焊接工艺参数适用范围大,焊接工艺性能好,焊接电弧稳定性高、飞溅小、烟尘少、脱渣性好,焊缝成形美观.

In order to realize one-side welding with back formation of marine steel sheet with high quality and efficiency,MAG welding method is used with mixed gas(Ar)80%+(CO2)20%,metal powder cored wire GCL-56 with a diameter of 1.2 mm and KUKA welding robot in the study of a 5 mm thick Q235 plate butt welding process of one-side welding with back formation in flat position.For different assembly gaps,welding conditions that can meet the quality requirements is obtaimed by optimizing the welding process parameters.Comparative experiments of one-side welding with back formation with solid wire GML-56 and flux-cored wire GFL-71 were conducted.The results showed that the metal powder cored wire GCL-56 demonstrated a better adaptation to different assembly gaps with a range of 1.8~2.5 mm,good welding performance,wide application range of welding current and arc voltage,appropriate weld penetration.Neither tendency of concave in the positive and protrusion in the negative produced by solid wire weld GML-56 was exposed,nor defects of low penetration which cannot form a full penetration in small gap produced by flux-cored wire GFL-71 appeared.The welding seam formed a good shape,and the arc had high stability,nice slag detachability,less smoke,little splash.