阿瑟·莱斯利·莫尔顿的“人民史观”探析

An Analysis of People’s History of Arthur Leslie Morton

阿瑟·莱斯利·莫尔顿是英国杰出的马克思主义史学家,他以“人民史观”为指导撰写的《人民的英国史》,是英国第一部马克思主义史学著作。《人民的英国史》运用马克思主义理论,重新解释英国历史发展的脉络,坚持人民本位,突出人民大众作为历史创造者的地位,为发现英国人民的历史提供了范例,开“自下而上的历史学”之先河。莫尔顿作为共产主义知识分子的典范,为克里斯托弗·希尔、埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆、爱德华·汤普森、拉斐尔·萨缪尔等年轻一代英国马克思主义史学家的成长提供了知识养分,为英国马克思主义历史学的发展奠定了基础。

Arthur Leslie Morton was a distinguished British Marxist historian,who wrote the first Marxist historical book in Britain,A People’s History of England,under direction of people’s history.A People’s History of England used Marxism to reinterpret British history,focusing on people as the maker of history,and set a good example for discovery of people’s history.It was also initiator of“history from below”.As a typical communism intellectual,Arthur Leslie Morton influenced the younger generation of Marxist historians,such as Christopher Hill,Eric Hobsbawm,Edward Thompson,Raphael Samuel et.al.,and established a basis for the development of British Marxist historiography.