豫北平原地下水水化学和水质分布特征

Hydrochemistry Characteristics and Water Quality Distribution of Groundwater in North Henan Plain

豫北平原为河南省重要的农业生产基地,其居民生活用水和农业生产用水主要依赖于地下水。为了保证工农业生产和生活用水安全,根据2018年的105个地下水化学取样分析数据,利用Piper三线图和Gibbs图研究了水化学的主要离子的空间分布特征及水化学形成机制,从而揭示了研究区水化学分布特征和主要形成作用,采用综合指标法和单因子法评价了水质问题,并分析了主要影响因素的超标情况。结果表明,豫北平原地下水类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg、HCO3·SO4-Mg·Na、HCO3·Cl-Na型水为主,地下水水化学成因以蒸发浓缩和水岩相互作用为主,浅层、中深层地下水水质Ⅳ~Ⅴ类水分布面积约占90%,深层地下水水质较好,Ⅱ~Ⅲ类水分布面积约占40%。

The North Henan Plain is an important agricultural production base in Henan Province,and its residents’ domestic water and agricultural production water mainly depend on groundwater.In order to ensure the safety of industrial and agricultural production and domestic water,based on the chemical analysis data of 105 groundwater samples in2018,the spatial distribution characteristics of the main ions in hydrochemistry and the formation mechanism of hydrochemistry are studied by using Piper diagram and Gibbs diagram so as to reveal the distribution characteristics and main formation effect of hydrochemistry in the research area.The comprehensive index method and single factor method are used to evaluate water quality,and the main influencing factors are analyzed.The results show that the main type of groundwater in the North Plain of Henan Province are the type of HCO3-Ca·Mg,HCO3·SO4-Mg·Na,and HCO3·Cl-Na water;The hydrochemical cause of groundwater is mainly evaporation concentration and water rock interaction;The distribution area ofⅣ-Ⅴtype water in shallow and middle groundwater accounts for about 90%;The quality of deep groundwater is relative good,and the distribution area ofⅡ-Ⅲtype water accounts for about 40%.