马克思主义“现实性”思想三原则解析

Analysis of Three Principles of Marx's Concept of“Reality”

作为马克思哲学体系中一个隐含的支配性概念,马克思的“现实性”概念其内涵非常丰富。它经历了马克思对黑格尔和费尔巴哈“现实性”思想的扬弃,又经历了马克思自身思想的演变,以及后来继承者对“现实性”思想的发展,最终确立了以唯物史观为思想核心的内在结构和思想原则:第一,现实的辩证总体性原则;第二,现实的经济本质性原则;第三,现实的劳动实践性原则。这三个原则在逻辑上彼此关联、相互隐含,从不同侧面阐释了马克思“现实性”思想的内涵,即马克思以现实的个人的劳动实践为起点,以生产方式的变动结构为本质,通过辩证总体性的方法,将现实的内涵置于唯物史观的实质当中。

With all of its rich connotations,Marx's concept of reality holds an implicitly dominant position in the system of Marxist philosophy.Marx himself came to this concept by way of a sublation of the concept of reality in the thought of Hegel and Feuerbach that greatly facilitated the evolution of Marx's own thought about reality,which itself was also greatly developed by later Marxists.The concept of“reality”provided the core around which was established the internal structures and ideological principles of historical materialism.These ideological principles pertaining to“reality”include the principle of real dialectical totality,the principle of real economic essence,and the principle of real labor practice.These three principles are logically related and imply each other,and they reveal the concrete connotations of Marx's concept of“reality”from a variety of different aspects.This paper examines how Marx put the concept of reality into the essence of historical materialism through the interplay of the real individual's labor practice as the starting point,the changing structures of the mode of production as the essence,and dialectical totality as the means.