我国农村集体资产产权科层分析

A Study on the Rural Collective Assets Property Rights Levels in China

农村集体产权制度改革是产权归属明晰的制度变迁过程,是制度安排创新的过程。本文运用"产权科层模型"分析我国农村集体资产的产权科层结构及各科层的职责,以期辨析我国农村集体资产的产权科层结构,为深化产权制度改革和丰富我国农村产权理论提供参考和借鉴。研究发现,第一,集体资产产权分为国家、集体和私人三个层次,三个产权主体通过正向促进和反向"倒逼"双向作用机制推进本轮产权制度改革的开展。第二,三个层次间规则形成"嵌套性"制度体系,其中国家层次的制度具有普适性、稳定性和连续性特点,以保障集体层次操作的简便和私人层次产权的完整性。第三,农村集体资产有两种不同产权结构,经营性集体资产产权结构包括集体层次和私人层次两个科层;资源性集体资产产权结构包括国家、集体和私人三个层次。第四,各级地方政府具有"双重身份"。"产权科层模型"分析厘清了集体资产产权结构,对深化农村集体产权制度改革,丰富对集体产权结构的理论认识,完善农村基本经营制度具有重要意义。

The rural collective property right system reform is a process of institutional change with clear ownership of property right and innovation of institutional arrangement.This paper uses the model of levels of property rights to analyze the rural collective assets in China,in order to analyze the property right hierarchy structure of rural collective assets in China,and provide reference for deepening the property right system reform and enriching the theory of rural property right in China.Founding that:First,the collective assets property rights are divided into three levels:state,collective and private.The three property rights subjects promote the property rights system reform through the two-way mechanism of forward promotion and reverse"backward forcing".Second,the three levels of rules form a"nested"system,in which the state level system has the characteristics of universality,stability and continuity,so as to ensure the simplicity of collective level operation and the integrity of private level property rights.Third,there are two different property right structures of rural collective assets,the property right structure of operational collective assets includes two levels:collective level and private level;the property right structure of resource collective assets includes three levels:national level,collective level and private level.Fourth,local governments have"dual identities".The analysis of"levels of property rights"clarifies the property right structure of collective assets,which is of great significance for deepening the rural collective property right system reform,enriching the theoretical understanding of the collective property right structure,and improving the basic rural operation system.