农业环境污染跨学科治理:冲突与化解

Interdisciplinary Governance of Agricultural Environmental Pollution: Conflicts and Resolution

农业环境污染是中国"三农"问题的突出短板,其跨学科体系下的研究是农业环境污染治理的前沿。本文以粮食安全为背景,采用归纳法在主流话语与政策导向下梳理了新中国成立以来中国农业环境污染的历史成因,分析了中国农业环境污染治理的主流观点,并在多学科视角下探讨农业环境污染微观治理方案的学科交叉融合与理论观点冲突。在此基础上,从中国农户行为的历史维度、当前农村土地制度安排下农业环境污染治理的"权责"对等和农户农业生产行为的路径依赖三个方面,分析了不同学科理论观点冲突的可能原因与化解路径。据此提出:宏观层面,以强制性政策规制工业点源污染排放在经济学意义上缺乏效率,却是目前在实践层面可行的制度安排;微观层面,农业环境污染治理中应充分发挥生产队的基础性作用。中国农业环境污染有其历史逻辑,农户农业环境保护行为的多学科研究需融入历史的逻辑重新审视,农业环境治理也要有足够的历史耐心。

Agricultural environmental pollution is a prominent shortcoming question of Chinese"three agriculture",and its research is at the forefront of agricultural environmental pollution treatment under the interdisciplinary system.Combining China’s national and agricultural conditions,based on food security background,the inductive method was used to summarize the historical causes of agricultural environmental pollution in China since the founding of New China under the mainstream discourse and policy guidance.The mainstream views of China’s agricultural environmental pollution treatment were discussed,and the interdisciplinary fusion and conflicts of theoretical viewpoints of micro-government solutions on the agricultural environmental pollution from a multidisciplinary perspective were analyzed.Furthermore,based on historical dimensions of Chinese farmer behavior,the equivalence of"right and responsibility"in agricultural environmental pollution management under the current rural land system arrangement,and the path dependence of farmers’agricultural production behaviors,the possible causes of conflicting theoretical perspectives in different disciplines and their solutions were analyzed.Based on previous analysis,the future analysis of China’s agricultural environmental pollution was put forward.At the macro level,compulsory policies to regulate industrial point source pollution emissions are not efficient in the economic sense,but are currently a feasible institutional arrangement at the practical level.At the micro level,taking the current various forms of organization in rural China as an opportunity to realize the reorganization of farmers,and moving the governance objects and academic research objects of agricultural environmental pollution to the production team.China’s agricultural environmental pollution has its historical causes,multi-disciplinary research on agricultural environmental protection behavior of farmers needs to be re-examined in the logic of history,and agricultural environmental governance must also have sufficient historical patience.