饲养条件下鲤科鱼类基础生理解剖参数研究

Study on the Basic Physiological and Anatomical Parameters of Cyprinidae under Feeding Conditions

鱼类基础生理解剖参数是进行鱼类生理学、病理学、毒理学和药物代谢动力学等研究的重要基础数据,为了获得鲤科鱼类基础生理解剖参数,本研究选取鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)各60尾,分别测量其体长和体质量,通过生理解剖测得肌肉、骨头、鱼鳞、皮肤、肝脏、肠胃、鳃丝、肾脏、脾脏、胆囊、心脏和血液的质量,并计算各组织占体质量的百分比。鲤科鱼的肌肉、骨头、鱼鳞和皮肤占比较大,内脏器官包括肝脏、肠胃、鳃丝、肾脏、脾脏、胆囊和心脏组织占比较小。对比分析鲤鱼雌、雄个体间的平均差异,以及鲤科鱼不同品种间生理解剖参数的差异,结果显示,雌性鲤鱼和雄性鲤鱼的肌肉占体质量的比例存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其他组织占体质量的比例差异不显著(P>0.05)。鲫鱼、草鱼和鲤鱼相比,骨头和脾脏组织占体质量的比例无显著性差异(P>0.05),其他组织占体质量的比例存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。

The basic physiological and anatomical parameters of fish are important basic data for the study of fish physiology,pathology,toxicology,and pharmacokinetics.In order to obtain the basic physiological and anatomical parameters of Cyprinidae,sixty individuals of Carassius auratus,Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Cyprinus carpio were selected to measure body length and weight,respectively.The weight of muscles,bones,scales,skin,liver,intestines and stomach,gill,kidney,spleen,gallbladder,heart,and blood were measured by physiological anatomy,and the percentage of body weight of each tissue was calculated.The percentage of muscle,bone,scale,and skin in the body mass of Cyprinidae was relatively large,and the percentage of visceral organs including liver,intestines and stomach,gill,kidney,spleen,gallbladder,and heart tissue in the body mass was relatively small.Both the average difference between male and female of C.carpio,and the differences of physiological and anatomical parameters among different species of Cyprinidae were analyzed.The results showed that there was a significant difference in the proportion of muscle to body weight between male and female C.carpio(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in the proportion of other tissues to body weight(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference among C.auratus,C.idellus and C.carpio in the proportion of bone and spleen tissue to body weight(P>0.05),while there was significant difference in the proportion of other tissues to body weight(P<0.01).