以“家的体验”为导向的养老机构设计研究

CARE HOME DESIGN RESEARCH DRIVEN BY"HOME AS EXPERIENCE"

老年人搬入养老机构生活通常面临一个困境:家的缺失。以“家的体验”为导向,探究养老机构设计的策略和建议,帮助老人融入养老机构新环境安享晚年。首先,跨学科文献综述家的含义,总结家的关键特征,提出“家的含义”框架,其包括四个维度:文化性的地方、物质性的住所、社会性的家庭和精神性的家园。其次,实地考察上海五所养老机构,根据“家的含义”框架揭示养老机构“家的缺失”的原因。根据杜威的体验理论,提出在养老机构中创造“家的体验”设计策略,包括四方面:强化文化符号,布局功能空间、重建社会关系和提升价值信仰,形成往复循环的动态促进关系。同时,收集分析以“家”为主题的国外十所养老机构的设计特点,总结设计建议。在理论方面,“家的含义”框架帮助设计师理解的养老机构设计的意义;在实践方面,“家的体验”设计策略与建议为设计师提供务实的养老机构设计指导。

When older people move into care homes,they usually have a homelessness feeling.In order to help elderly residents integrate into the institutional environment,this paper proposes an framework of"home as experience",exploring how design can play a role in influencing residents to regain their sense of belonging in the care homes.Firstly,the complex meaning of home is summarized into a framework with four dimensions through interdisciplinary literature review.Secondly,five care homes in the Putuo District of Shanghai were visited,and the reasons of homelessness in care home design were identified from the perspective of four-dimensional meanings of home.According to Dewey's"experience theory",suggestions of transforming"care homes"into"homes"were put forward,including:to strengthen cultural identity;to arrange physical space;to rebuild social relations;and to improve residents’beliefs and values.In the theory aspect,the framework helps a better understanding of the significance of care home design.In the practical aspect,suggestions on care home design provide practical guidance for designers.