中国火力发电用水脆弱性研究

Research of Water Vulnerability of Thermal Power Generation in China

中国电力发展和水资源供应存在着矛盾。火力发电过程中需要抽取规模巨大的水资源,而受到水资源短缺的限制,未来的电力发展规划也将受到影响。考虑不同地区冷却技术的应用情况,对2018年中国各省火力发电用水的脆弱性进行评估,并指出脆弱性严重的区域。结果表明:我国一些地区的火电发展面临着严重的用水脆弱性问题,集中在宁夏、辽宁、江苏以及华北地区。同时,有些火电生产量大的地区因冷却技术的改善缓解了水脆弱性情况。未来有必要将电力生产用水脆弱性纳入电力规划,建议通过冷却技术的改善以及可再生能源发电的鼓励发展等措施,来避免缺水带来的严重后果。

There is contradiction between electric power development and water resource supply in China.In the process of thermal power generation,water resource of a large scale is needed.Under the restriction of lack of water resource,future electric power development plan will be influenced.Through considering the application situation of different areas,water vulnerability of thermal power generation of each province in China in 2018 is evaluated,and the serious vulnerability areas are pointed out.The results show that some areas in China face serious water vulnerability of thermal power generation in China,such as Ningxia,Liaoning,Jiangsu and North China.Meanwhile,the improvement of cooling technique relieves the water vulnerability in some areas with a large scale of thermal power generation.It is necessary to bring water vulnerability of thermal power generation into electric power planning.It is suggested to improve cooling technique and encourage renewable energy power generation,in order to avoid the serious results caused by water shortage.