3个不同品系中华鳖间外形、核型以及乳酸脱氢酶同工酶表达的差异

Differences in shape,karyotype and expression of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme among three strains of Chinese turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis)

为丰富中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)淮河品系、黄河品系及日本品系的种质资源资料,以淮河品系、黄河品系和日本品系中华鳖为研究对象,开展了三者间形态学指标、核型和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶表达差异的研究。结果表明:3个不同品系中华鳖的形态特征、核型及同工酶表达均存在着品系差异性。雌性黄河鳖的背甲宽/背甲长比值明显比其他鳖大,而雄性淮河鳖此比值最小。雌性淮河鳖体高/背甲长明显较其他鳖偏大。3个品系中华鳖体细胞染色体数均为2N=66,未发现性染色体。黄河品系组型公式为2N=16M+10SM+8ST+12T+20MC,NF=92;日本品系组型公式为2N=16M+12SM+8ST+16T+14MC,NF=94;淮河品系组型公式为2N=4M+8SM+20T+34MC,NF=78。淮河品系组型及臂数与黄河品系及日本品系差异极显著(P<0.01);日本品系与黄河品系差异不显著(P>0.05)。肌肉组织中乳酸脱氢酶可作为各自的遗传标记,由Ldh-A、Ldh-B和Ldh-C 3个基因编码,第1条酶带表现较弱活性,其他酶带活性较强。淮河品系表达最丰富,检测到9条酶带。淮河品系与日本品系及黄河品系肌肉LDH条带数及迁移率差异极显著(P<0.01),日本品系与黄河品系差异不显著(P>0.05)。3个品系差异性可能由其特异性的遗传基因调控。本研究可为中华鳖种质资源评估、种质标准制定、种质鉴定及新品种(系)的选育提供参考依据。

For enriching the germplasm resources data of Pelodiscus sinensis,the HuaiRiver strains,Yellow River strains,and Japan strains was conducted to compare the external morphological characteristics,chromosome karyotype,and the expression of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in three different strains in this study.The results showed that there were differences in morphological characteristics,cell and biochemical genetic characteristics among three different strains.For the ratio of back shell width to back shell length,the female Yellow River turtle is obviously larger than that of other turtles,while male Huai River turtle is the smallest.The somatic chromosome number of the three strains was 2N=66,and the sex chromosome was not found.The formation formula of Yellow River strain was 16M+10SM+8ST+12T+20MC,NF=92.The Japanese strain group was 16M+12SM+8ST+16T+14MC,NF=94.And the Huai River strain was 4M+8SM+20T+34MC,NF=78.Huai River strain was significant differences in composition formula and arm number of chromosome in comparison with Yellow River strain and Japanese strain(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference between Japanese strain and Yellow River strain(P>0.05).Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in muscle tissue can be used as a genetic marker,which was encoded by Ldh-A,Ldh-B and Ldh-C genes.Huai River strain had the most abundant expression,and 9 enzyme bands were detected,which were significant differences in the number of LDH bands and mobility compared to the Japanese strain and the Yellow River strain(P<0.01),but there are not significant differences between the Japanese strain and the Yellow River strain(P>0.05).The difference among the three strains may be caused by their specific genetic regulation.This study can provide references for the germplasm resources evaluation,germplasm standard formulation,germplasm identification and new breeding of Chinese turtle.