水产养殖环节“非规范药品”使用质量安全风险隐患分析

Risk assessment of“nonspecification drugs”in aquaculture

科学合理使用渔药是保证水产品安全的重要措施。近年来,个别未参加“升标协作组”的企业将没有升为国家标准的原渔药等产品以“非规范药品”名义进行销售。水质底质改良剂、微生物制剂等水产养殖用“非规范药品”的应用市场规模远大于国标渔药,甚至一些杀虫剂、除草剂等符合国家药品标准的主要成分也被包装成“非规范药品”在市场上销售,形成了“乱象多、禁不住、管不了、不清楚”的特殊产业形态。当前,“非规范药品”存在成分不明、欠缺生产技术及质量检测标准、无明确管理法规和风险研究缺失等问题,导致水产“非规范药品”市场安全隐患突出。本研究以水产养殖环节中的“非规范药品”为研究对象,通过实地抽样、定性定量分析和安全性评估等方法,初步探明了水产养殖环节“非规范药品”的基本情况,以期为科学制订监管措施提供参考依据。

Scientific and rational usage of aquacultural drugs is an important measure to ensure the safety of aquatic products.In recent years,some enterprises that have not participated in the"cooperation group for upgrading standards"sell some original aquacultural drugs that not being upgraded with conformity to national standards in the name of"nonspecification drugs".As a result,the market scale of"nonspecification drugs"for aquaculture,such as water quality and substrate ameliorant agent,microecological preparations,etc.,is far larger than that of approved aquacultural drugs conforming to national standards.Furthermore,even the main components of some approved drugs conforming to national standards(such as insecticides and herbicides)are packaged as"nonspecification drugs"that disguises to be sold in the market.The above reasons shape a special industry form in aquacultural drug which is difficult for the government to supervise.At present,some prominent problems have been found in the usage of"nonspecification drugs",such as lack of risk assessment,unclear drug composition,lack of production technical specification and quality standards,lack of clear management regulations and so on.The above problems lead to potential safety hazard in the aquatic product market of"nonspecification drugs".In this study,"nonspecification drugs"used in aquaculture are taken as the research object,and the basic situation of"nonspecification drugs"used in aquaculture is initially found out through sample collection,qualitative and quantitative analysis,and safety assessment,so as to provide a reference for the formulation of more scientific regulatory measures.