我国自然保护地矿业权退出机制研究--国外相关经验启示与借鉴

Study on the Withdrawal Mechanism of Mining Right of Nature Reserves in China--Enlightenment and Reference of Related Foreign Experience

随着我国自然保护地体系不断完善,生态环境保护与矿产资源开发活动间的冲突日益凸显,亟需研究建立自然保护地矿业权退出机制,保障国家资源安全以及矿业权人权益,减少矛盾冲突。文章系统梳理了典型国家自然保护地内矿业权管理的主要做法,特别是实施差别化政策,妥善处理国家资源安全与生态安全之间的平衡关系,推动矿业权有序退出的典型经验,从而为我国自然保护地矿业权退出机制构建提供有益借鉴。结合国内实际情况,我国自然保护地矿业权退出机制体系内容包括:建立资源预警机制、调查评估机制、协商博弈机制、缓冲协调机制、资源保障机制等。

With the continuous improvement of China's nature reserve system,the conflict between ecological environment protection and mineral resources development has become increasingly prominent.It is urgently needed to study and establish the withdrawal mechanism of mining rights of nature reserves,to ensure the security of national resources,to guarantee the rights and interests of mining rights holders,and reduce conflicts.The paper systematically summarizes the main practices of mining rights management of nature reserves in typical countries,especially focuses on the typical experiences of implementing differentiated policies,properly handling the balance relationship between national resource security and ecological security,and promoting the orderly withdrawal of mining rights,so as to provide useful reference for the construction of the withdrawal mechanism of mining rights in China's nature reserves.According to the actual domestic situation,the withdrawal mechanism system of mining rights of nature reserves in China includes the following contents:such as establishment of resource early warning mechanism,investigation and evaluation mechanism,consultation and gaming mechanism,buffer coordination mechanism,and resource guarantee mechanism.