新时代婚姻立法价值观视角下离婚冷静期重构

Reconstruction of Cooling-off Period for Divorce From the Perspective of Marriage Legislation Values in the New Era

2020年通过的《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)增设了“离婚冷静期”。此举在网络上引起了广泛争议,成为社会热议话题:支持者认为离婚冷静期有利于减少轻率、冲动离婚,维护婚姻稳定;反对者则认为,离婚冷静期限制了离婚自由,对于无法再在婚姻里消耗的人来说是一种折磨。争议背后的实质是在婚姻稳定与离婚自由两种价值观难以兼得的情况下,法律该如何抉择。为了消除分歧,凝聚共识,引进边沁功利主义幸福论,试图探寻婚姻稳定与离婚自由的平衡点,并对离婚冷静期进行重构,使其同时满足支持者和反对者的需求。

A"cooling-off period for divorce"was added to the Civil Code adopted in 2020.This has caused a widespread controversy on the Internet and become a hot topic in the society:supporters believe the cooling-off period for divorce is conducive to reducing wanton divorce and impulsive divorce and maintaining marriage stability,while opponents believe that the cooling-off period for divorce limits the divorce freedom and is a kind of torture for those who can no longer stay in marriage.The essence behind the dispute is how to choose between the two values of marriage stability and divorce freedom when it is difficult to reconcile the two values of marriage stability and divorce freedom.In order to eliminate divergence and build consensus,this paper introduces Bentham's utilitarian theory of happiness,trying to find the balance between marriage stability and divorce freedom,and reconstruct the cooling-off period for divorce to meet the needs of supporters and opponents at the same time.