新型冠状病毒疫苗研究最新进展

Progress on coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines:current status

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在世界范围的大流行,引发了全球医疗资源危机。该疾病传染性强,传播范围广,而临床尚无有效的疫苗进行预防。鉴于疫情防控的紧迫性,开发安全有效的新型冠状病毒疫苗迫在眉睫。本文首先就保护性抗体抗病毒的免疫机制,分别从冠状病毒诱导不同类型抗体的产生及保护性抗体如何发挥抗病毒效应等方面进行阐述。其次,以严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERSCoV)2种下呼吸道感染的冠状病毒为例,总结新型冠状病毒疫苗研发如何借鉴SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV疫苗研究背景选择疫苗开发的最优抗原,并从SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV疫苗安全性和有效性评价中探讨新型冠状病毒疫苗开发的潜在问题。接着,对临床在研新型冠状病毒疫苗最新进展按疫苗类型分类阐述。目前,虽然从临床试验完成到大规模生产应用的挑战仍然较多,但是快速研发疫苗进展迅速,有望短期内获得安全有效的疫苗。最后,疫苗策略应结合公共卫生策略如保持物理距离、早期发现、自我隔离和暴发控制等措施联合防疫。

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)has led to severe global health burden.However,no effective vaccine has been developed yet.The development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is urgent for the disease control.In the present review,we firstly described the mechanisms of neutralizing antibodies-mediated immune responses.We elucidated different neutralizing antibodies which are induced by Coronavirus vaccines,and described how they induce anti-viral response.Secondly,we took the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)as examples,and summarized how the new coronavirus(SARS-CoV2)vaccine development can learn from SARS and MERS vaccine research in selecting antigens.Furthermore,we discussed the potential problems for COVID-19 vaccine development about evaluating the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV vaccines.Next,we summarized the current clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines.Although there are challenges from the clinical trials to large-scale production and application,the development of vaccines is so rapidly nowadays,and it’s potential to get safe and effective vaccines in a short time.At last,the vaccines strategy should be combined with public health strategies such as keeping physical distance,early detection,self-isolation and outbreak control to against COVID-19.