轻质材料构筑的蜂窝防护结构抗爆性能试验与数值模拟研究

Research on Blast-resistant Performance and Numerical Simulation of Honeycomb Protective Structure Constructed of Lightweight Materials

为克服永久性防爆墙构筑速度慢、土工作业量大、撤收难的问题,提出了一种轻质材料构筑的新型蜂窝防护结构。通过爆炸试验研究该结构的抗爆性能和防护效果。采用压力传感器,获得了该结构前后不同距离的压力波形和超压峰值。使用LS-DYNA软件对试验过程进行了数值模拟,探讨了爆炸冲击波作用于蜂窝防护结构的超压分布区域和峰值变化,并与试验结果进行对比分析。数值模拟结果与试验各测点的冲击波超压值变化曲线、超压峰值基本一致。对试验和数值计算结果的分析发现:从迎爆面测点1到背爆面测点2超压峰值降低90%以上,从背爆面测点2到背爆面测点3超压峰值降低60%以上,表明该防护结构能有效衰减爆炸冲击波能量,保护结构后方人员不受伤害。另外,该防护结构在冲击波作用下,蜂窝胞元上部连接处为结构薄弱环节,易发生破坏,通过增强缝线强度或增加缝线密度可以提升该防护结构整体抗冲击强度。

In order to overcome the weakness of the permanent blast-resistant structure,such as the low efficiency,large construction and hard dismantlement,a honeycomb protective structure constructed of lightweight materials is developed.Experiments have been conducted to analyse the blast-resistant performance and the protective effect.With the pressure sensor,the pressure wave and the maximum value of the overpressure can be depicted in front of or behind the structure.By using the LS-DYNA software to simulate the experimental process and comparing the experimental results with the simulation results,the vibration and distribution of the overpressure which is induced by the blast wave towards the honeycomb protective structure,have been demonstrated.The simulation results show good consistency with the history curves and the maximum values of the overpressure from different experimental points.By analysing the experimental data and the simulation results,it shows that:from the point No.1 in the front of the surface to the point No.2 behind the surface,the maximum of the overpressure has been decreased over 90%.From the point No.2 behind the surface to the point No.3 behind the surface,the maximum of the overpressure has been decreased over 60%.And all these results indicate that the protective structure has the capability in damping the energy effectively,protecting the people behind the structure.Moreover,the connection in the upper part of the honeycomb unit,which is the weak point,will be damaged when the structure is under the blasting wave.Towards this part,increasing the intensity or the density of the suture can improve the blast-resistance performance of the whole protective structure.