4种丁香的开花特性与繁育系统

Preliminary Study on the Biological Characteristics and Breeding System of Four Species of Syringa

以洋丁香(Syringa vulgaris)、小叶丁香(Syringa microphylla)、红丁香(Syringa villosa)、暴马丁香(Syringareticulata var.mandshurica)为试验材料,对其开花特性以及繁育系统进行调查探究。结果表明:洋丁香在4种丁香中花期最早,于4月末期进入始花期;暴马丁香花期最晚,于6月中旬进入始花期;红丁香群始花期约于5月22日开始;小叶丁香始花期于5月中旬开始。离体萌发试验中,洋丁香花粉萌发率最高,达到31.7%;红丁香最低,为24.5%;小叶丁香和暴马丁香花粉萌发率分别为30.1%、28.7%,柱头可授性在开花3 d内达到最强。4种丁香的花粉/胚珠比值初步估算分别为3437.5(洋丁香)、2187.5(小叶丁香)、5625.0(红丁香)、4062.5(暴马丁香),杂交指数均为4。研究发现,4种丁香的人工授粉坐果率均高于自然传粉,初步判断其繁育系统以异交为主,部分自交亲和,需要传粉昆虫才能完成繁殖。

With Syringa vulgaris,S.microphylla,S.villosaand S.reticulata var.mandshurica,the preliminary study on flowering characteristics and breeding system was carried out.The flowering stage of S.vulgaris was the earliest among four Syringa species,and the flowering stage of S.reticulata was the latest.The initial flowering stage began on May 22 nd,and the initial flowering stage of S.microphylla began in mid-May.In the in vitro germination test,the pollen germination rate of S.vulgaris was the highest(31.7%)and S.villosa was the lowest(24.5%).The pollen germination rates of S.microphylla and S.reticulata var.mandshurica were 30.1% and 28.7%,respectively.The stigmapollinationis the strongest at flowering in 3 d.The pollen-ovule value was estimated to be 3437.5(S.vulgaris),2187.5(S.microphylla),5625(S.villosa)and 4062.5(S.reticulata var.mandshurica),respectively.The hybridization index was 4.The fruit setting rate of artificial pollination was higher than that of natural pollination.It is preliminarily judged that the breeding system is mainly heterozygous and partially self-zygous,which requires pollinating insects to reproduce.