马克思主义理论视阈下的气候正义问题

The Problems of Climate Justice from the Perspective of Marxist Theory

以全球大规模温室气体减排为目标的气候正义问题已成为一门涉及政治哲学、伦理学、国际关系等诸多学科的显学.目前各国学者已从多个角度构建了不同的气候正义理论,但是在这些理论中却缺少马克思主义的声音.从马克思主义理论视角来看,气候问题难以解决的主要原因是资本主义生产制度下对本应作为人类公共物品的温室气体排放量的商品化.目前已有气候正义理论的主要问题是默认了温室气体排放量的商品属性,并试图从分配正义的路径来理解和分析气候正义问题.这种理解矮化了也窄化了气候正义问题.事实上,气候正义问题既关乎着人类的共同命运,也蕴涵着对当代资本主义生产制度的批判.

Climate justice,which aims at reducing global greenhouse gas emissions on a large scale,hasgradually become a prominent multidisciplinary discipline involving political philosophy,ethics,andinternational relations,At present,scholars coming from various countries have constructed differentclimate justice theories from multiple angles,but there is a lack of Marxist theory in these theories.Fromthe perspective of Marxist theory,the main reason why the climate problem is difficult to solve is thecommercialization of greenhouse gas emissions that should be regarded as human public goods under thecapitalism production system.The main problem of existing climate justice theories is to acquiesce in thecommodity attributes of greenhouse gas emissions,and try to understand and analyze the climate justicefrom the path of distribution justice.This understanding dwarfs and narrows the issue of climate justice.Infact,the issue of climate justice concerns not only the common future of mankind,but also a critique ofthe contemporary capitalism production system.