儒学“家本位”思想及其在社会公德培育中的“现代化”

Family-oriented Thought of Confucianism and Its Modernization in the Cultivation of Social Morality

中国儒家伦理存在着家本位思想,有论者将其归于私德范畴,认为不利于社会公德的培育.但对“家”与“家本位”思想的历史演变稍作梳理,可发现以“家本位”为特征的儒家伦理本身具有可调适性,充满普世价值.它与公德并不是不相容的,两者之间也没有明确的界限,公德缺失,甚至在很多情况下往往是私德修养的不足.而且,具有家本位特征的儒家伦理在当代社会经历了重要的“现代化”转型,支撑其运行的社会制度已全然改变.它之所以未能发挥效力,发挥道德的约束力,是其制度基础还没有完全建立,社会主义核心价值观的一些目标还没有实现,由此导致目前社会公德的培育不能尽如人意.

The family-oriented thought exists in the traditional ethical ideas of Confucianism.Somecommentators put it in the category of persoanl morality,which is not conducive to the cultivation of socialmorality.On exploring the history of“family”and family-oriented thought of Confucianism,it can befound that the Confucianism with the family-oriented feature is inherently adjustable and full of universalvalue.It is not incompatible with public morality,and there is no clear boundary between the two.Inreality,the deficiency of social morality in China was partly due to the deficiency of personal morality.Moreover,the family-oriented Confucian ethics has undergone an important"modernization"transformation in contemporary society,and the social system supporting its operation has beencompletely changed.The reason why it fails to exert its effectiveness and its moral binding force is that itsinstitutional foundation has not been fully established,and some of the goals of the core values of socialismhave not yet been achieved,which leads to the current unsatisfactory cultivation of social morality.