论庄子世界观、价值观与人生观的内在逻辑

The Internal Logic of Zhuangzi's Worldview,Values and Outlook on Life

从整体上把握《庄子》的哲学思想体系具有一定难度,当下关于《庄子》哲学思想的研究仍存在割裂、本末倒置、简单化等现象。庄子哲学的逻辑起点其实建立在两个基本认知之上:一是万物各有起于无作、禀气自得而成的“形”与“性”;二是万物的存在状态与存在意义都是要遵顺自身和他物不同的“形”与“性”。庄子“齐物”的世界观、“全生养性”的价值观、“无为又应物无方”的人生观都是根源于这两个认识基础,并围绕它们逐级阐发形成的,而三者之间又具有紧密相关的内在逻辑,包括“虚静”与“守真”这两个庄子之道最重要的要素和他与孟子各不提及却深度互文的关系,都可以一步步做出逻辑推演,以上这些共同构成了庄子完整、成体系、精深的哲学思想的主体内容。

The philosophical system of“Zhuangzi”is difficult to fully understand.The current researches on Zhuangzi's philosophical thoughts still have many problems,such as fragmentation,inversion and simplification.The logical starting point of Zhuangzi's philosophy is actually based on two fundamental perceptions:one is that everything starts from nothing and forms its“shape”and“nature”of its own accord;the other is that everything's existence and meaning have to comply with the“shape”and“nature”of itself and others.Zhuangzi's world view of“equal things”,values of“all-being nurturing nature”,and outlook on life of“doing nothing but responding to things without a fixed method”are all rooted in and develop step by step based on the two fundamental viewpoints.Besides,their internal logic is closely connected,which includes the two most important elements of Zhuangzi's philosophy-“emptiness and tranquility”and“keeping the nature”,and the deep intertextual relationship between Zhuangzi and Mencius,which was not mentioned by both of them.The above actually constitutes the main content of Zhuangzi's complete,systematic and profound philosophical thoughts.