居住权的定义与性质研究——从罗马法到《民法典》的考察

Towards Defining the Right of Habitation and Its Nature

《民法典》从“合同约定”、“房屋使用”和“生活需求”三个方面界定了一种新的用益物权类型——居住权。这种以住房建筑为客体兼具人身性与物权性的权利,与既有的用益物权理论在兼容性上需要进一步的磨合。因此有必要借助私法史的视角,沿着人役权分化的轨迹,从居住权概念产生和演进的过程展开研究,在此基础上结合中国法的特色对《民法典》第366条进行科学的解释。

Article 366 of the Civil Code defines a new type of usufructuary right,namely the“right of habitation”,in terms of the three aspects of“contract”,“use of house”and“living needs”.This kind of right,which takes housing construction as an object and has the characters of personality and property,is not fully compatible with the existing system of usufructuary rights.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out researches on the process of the generation and evolution of the habitation right form the perspective of the history of private law.On this basis,in conjunction with the characteristics of Chinese law,a scientific interpretation of Article 366 of the Civil Code can be made.