不同角度拉枝下刻芽摘心处理对‘温185’核桃枝条性状的影响

Effects of different branch bending angles,notching,and pinching on the characteristics of‘Wen 185’walnut branches

【目的】探讨不同角度拉枝下进行刻芽、摘心处理对‘温185’核桃品种1 a(年)生枝条生长发育性状的影响,为解决早实核桃结果枝的合理布局提供理论依据。【方法】对‘温185’1 a生枝条进行60°、90°、120°拉枝、拉枝刻芽、拉枝摘心3组不同梯度处理,测定不同处理方法对1 a生枝条发育性状的影响。【结果】90°拉枝处理下枝条抽生率达到67.72%,随着拉枝角度的增大,新梢平均长度及粗度逐渐减小。不同角度拉枝处理对新梢着生雌花芽数量无显著影响,但在90°及120°拉枝处理下,第一节间距离达到同组最小,同时坐果率最大,达到41.04%~47.50%,比CK1显著提高了43.65%~66.26%。90°及120°拉枝刻芽处理下,枝条抽生率分别达到74.54%、73.33%,均显著高于CK2项,分别高出17.96%、16.05%。90°拉枝刻芽处理下新梢雌花芽数及坐果率达到最高,平均每新梢着生雌花芽2.49个,坐果率平均达到68.18%,均显著高于CK2。不同角度拉枝刻芽处理对第一节间距离作用效果不显著。90°拉枝摘心处理下枝条抽生率达到69.97%,显著高于同组其他角度摘心处理。拉枝摘心处理提高新梢雌花芽数效果不显著,但可使新梢坐果率提高41.03%~90.46%。【结论】90°拉枝刻芽处理可显著提高‘温185’核桃新梢枝条抽生率和坐果率,同时拉枝刻芽处理对降低新梢长度及粗度,增加枝干中下部发枝量,调节雌雄花芽数量,均衡树势均具有促进作用。

【Objective】The effects of bending,notching and pinching the 1 year-old branches at different angles in‘Wen185’walnut variety on branch growth and development were studied,in order to provide reference for the rational distribution of bearing branches of the precocious walnut.【Methods】The 1 year-old branches of‘Wen 185’walnut variety were bended to three angles(60°,90°and 120°).At the same time,in each bending angle group,there were treatments of branch bending,branch bending plus notching,and branch bending plus pinching.The effects of different treatments on the growth and development characteristics of the 1 year-old branch were investigated.【Results】The angle of branch bending significantly affected the characteristics of branches.The branching ability reached 67.72% under the branch bending angle of 90°,which was significantly higher than that in CK1,but there was no significant difference between 60° and 120° bending treatments and CK1.The average length and diameter of new shoots decreased gradually with the increase of branch bending angle.Among them,the length and diameter of new shoots under 120°treatment were significantly lower than those in CK1.There was no significant effect on the number of female flower buds in the new shoots under different bending treatments.However,the number of male flower buds in 90°and 120°branch bending treatments was significantly higher than in CK1 and the 60° treatment.The first internode had the shortest length in the new shoots in all treatments,but fruit set was the highest,reaching 41.04%-47.50%,which was 43.65%-66.26% higher compared with CK1.Branch bending and notching had significant influence on the branching ability of buds.Among them,the branching ability reached 74.54%and 73.33%under 90°and 120° bending plus notching treatments,respectively,and was 17.96% and 16.05% higher compared with that of CK2,respectively.Notching did not significantly affect the average length of new shoots under different bending angles.The number of female flower buds and fruit set in the new shoots were the highest under 90° bending plus notching treatment,where the average number of female flower buds in each new shoot was 2.49,significantly higher than in the other treatments,and the average fruit set was 68.18%,significantly higher than that in CK2.There was no significant effect on the length of the first internode among bending and notching treatments.The branching ability was 69.97% under branch bending at 90° plus pinching treatment,which was significantly higher than that in the other angles with pinching.With pinching treatment,the length and diameter of the new shoots decreased with the increase in branch bending angle.Among them,the branches with 90° and 120° bending angles were the shortest in length and diameter.The length of the first internode of the new shoot under 90° branch bending plus pinching treatment was the shortest(23.10 cm)and significantly lower than in the other treatments.Pinching had no significant effect on the number of female flower buds the fruit set in the new shoots increased by 41.03%-90.46%.【Conclusion】The growth characteristics of new shoots in‘Wen185’walnut variety were significantly affected by branch bending,notching and pinching treatments.The branching ability and fruit set in the new shoots were significantly improved under 90° branch bending plus notching treatment.Branch bending and notching could evidently reduce the length and diameter of new shoots,increase the amount of shoots in the middle and lower parts of the branches,regulate the numbers of male and female flower buds,and balance the tree vigor.