筚路蓝缕的抗战文艺“轻骑兵”——演剧队经费机制与演剧实践

The Arduous Literary and Artistic“Light Cavalry”in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Invasion:Funding and Performance of the Anti-Japanese Theatrical Troupes

抗日战争时期,演剧队的经费直接关系到演员的生计和演出的质量,也体现了演剧队的"官办"属性,并将演剧队从根本上与其他职业剧团区别开来。演剧队的经费早期主要靠募捐和自筹,随后由国民政府拨付,但由于抗战形势严峻,政府经济状况恶化,演剧队的经费时常被拖欠、扣发。经费拮据为演剧队带来了重重考验,在这样艰苦的条件下,演剧队充分发挥生存智慧,以多种方式开源节流,在困境中坚持工作,在中国话剧史上留下了光辉的一页。

In the war of resistance against Japanese invasion,the performers’livelihood and quality of their performances are dependent on the funds the Anti-Japanese Theatrical Troupes could get,and the way to get funds indicated they were run by the then National Guoming Party government,which fundamentally distinguished them from other professional troupes.In the early years,the funds of the theatrical troupes mainly depended on donations and self-collection,and then were appropriated by the then national government.However,due to the increasingly severe condition in the wartime,the rapid deterioration of government’s financial condition resulted in the frequent arrears and even withholding of their funds,which brought several tests to them.Under such difficult conditions,the theatrical troupes gave full play to their wisdom,trying to broaden sources of income and reduce expenditure in various ways.They kept working in predicament and made brilliant contributions for Chinese theatre history.