关系建构与社区互助——高村红糖在村落与寺坊间的流动

Relationship Construction and Community Mutual Assistance——Flow of Brown Sugar between Village and Temple

交换“物品”是人类社会重要的经济文化活动。马林诺夫斯基曾以“库拉”交换为例,证明礼仪性的交换活动对于当地社会结构的重要性。阎云翔则以礼物流动的实践,勾勒出国家政治经济背景下民间社会的互惠原则与关系网络。这一事象背后隐藏着诸多的人类集体意识,具体化了人群关系复杂的建构模式。随着乡村经济的发展,新的交换物品也构织出新的经济文化生活空间。高村是一个典型的延续传统社会“熟人关系”的村落,因此将红糖打造成村落共有的地方特产是他们共同的责任。本文通过红糖的流动轨迹,分析高村村民尤其是回族群体在村落与寺坊间选择以自我为主体的“中心二分式”关系模式,即既需要“熟人杜会”的关系网络,这体现在红糖的生产过程中,是互惠促使村落内部相互“帮忙”;同时也要借助社区互助的寺坊联结,即在红糖的销售过程中,邻村寺坊可以提供巨大的销售市场。高村社会结构呈现出“二元不对立”的特征。可以说,村落是提供既有资源的基础,寺坊是能够在多个村落中获取更多销售资源的途径,而流动于其间的红糖及其所经历的文化过程亦是一种在两者间寻求和合共生的关系建构模式。

Exchange of goods is an important economic and cultural activity of human society.Malinowski used“Kula”exchange as an example to prove the importance of ceremonial exchange to local social structure.Yan Yunxiang,with the practice of gift flow,outlines the principle of reciprocity and relationship network of civil society under the background of national politics and economy.Behind it lies a lot of human collective consciousness,which embodies the construction mode of complex human relation.With the development of rural economy,new exchange items also create new economic and cultural living space.Gao Village is a typical village that continues the“acquaintance relationship”of traditional society,so it is their common responsibility to make brown sugar into a local specialty of the village.This article takes the brown sugar of Gaocun as an example and analyzes the self-centered“central dichotomy”mode of villagers especially Hui ethnic people and the temple.To be more specific,the relationship network of“acquaintance society”is needed,which is reflected in the production process of brown sugar and mutually beneficial to promote mutual“assistance”within the village;at the same time,it is necessary to depend on mutual assistance between the temple and the community,that is,in the process of selling brown sugar,temple community from other villages can provide a huge market.The social structure of Gao Village shows the characteristics of“twodimensional opposition.”It can be said that the village is the basis for providing existing resources,and the Hui temple community is the way to obtain more sales resources in many villages.The brown sugar flowing in it and its cultural process are also a model of seeking harmony and symbiosis between the two.