群际差异视角下的政府工作满意度研究:2005年与2015年比较

Research on Degree of Satisfaction towards Government Work from the Perspective of Group Differences:Comparison Between 2005 and 2015

本文利用21世纪以来相隔十年的两个时点的中国综合社会调查(CGSS2005、CGSS2015)数据,检验了社会经济地位、文化与传媒接触、政治观念、生活感受等微观群际差异因素对政府工作满意度的影响及其效应变化。结果显示,从2005年到2015年,十年间民众的政府工作满意度在各维度上均有不同幅度提升,表明政府的各项工作受到越来越多的认可,其中公共安全领域的满意度最高,民生保障次之,而公平公正满意度略低。影响因素上,十年间体制外新社会阶层的政府满意度有转低趋向,高收入、高教育水平及互联网接触频繁者更具批判意识,满意度相对更低:"后物质主义价值观"在这部分群体身上率先体现出来;生活感受因素影响显著,那些生活幸福指数较高,自我收入合理性评价较高以及有上升流动经历者,政府满意评价更高。Shapely值分解结果显示,生活感受因素在两个年份均具有最高比例的解释贡献度,而互联网接触的贡献度在十年间经历快速提升。今后应在加强新媒体环境下网络宣传和舆论引导,持续改善民生,更加注重保障公平正义,让人民群众在改革发展中有更多获得感等方面着力,不断提升民众的政府满意程度。

This paper uses the two years’data of China General Social Survey(CGSS 2005 and CGSS2015)to test the influence of social economic status,cultural and media contact,political concept,daily life feelings and other micro-group differences to address the group’s satisfaction towards government works and its effect changes.Research results indicate that between 2005 and 2015,people’s satisfaction towards government work has enhanced in different dimensions,indicating that the government’s work has been better recognized,among which the public safety field satisfaction is the highest,the people’s livelihood security is the second,and the fair and justice satisfaction is slightly lower than the other aspects.In terms of influencing factors,the government satisfaction of the new social strata has decreased in ten years,and those with high income,high education level and frequent Internet contact are more critical,and the satisfaction is relatively low."Post-materialistic values"are first reflected in this group.The factors of life perception are significant,and those with higher life happiness index,higher self-income rationality evaluation and upward mobility experience,present higher government satisfaction evaluation.Shapely value decomposition results show that life perception factors have the highest proportion of explanatory contributions in both years,while the contribution of Internet contact has experienced a rapid increase in ten years.In the future,we should strengthen online publicity and public opinion guidance under the new media environment,continuously improve people’s livelihood,pay more attention to ensuring fairness and justice,so that the people can enjoy better sense of access in the reform and development,and people’s government satisfaction can be continuously improved.