基于超声波测距的起重机自动控制系统设计

Design of crane automatic control system based on ultrasonic ranging

为了解决传统起重机控制系统中控制误差大的问题,利用超声波测距技术,分别从硬件设备、数据库和软件功能三个方面实现对控制系统的优化设计。硬件部分,安装超声波传感器和制动设备,并改装控制器、变频器以及相关电路;收集起重机基础信息和历史控制数据,按照一定的逻辑关系搭建系统数据库。在硬件系统与数据库的支持下,分别针对起重机的重物高空自动停止和自动升降两个工作任务,实现对其自动控制。通过系统测试实验与分析得出结论:与传统的控制系统相比,基于超声波测距的起重机自动控制系统的方向角度误差降低了约2.49°,高度误差降低了4.1 m。

In order to solve the problem of large control error in the traditional crane control system,the ultrasonic ranging technology is used to realize the optimal design of the control system from the three aspects of hardware equipment,database and software functions.In the hardware part,install ultrasonic sensors and braking equipment,and modify the controller,inverter and related circuits;collect basic information and historical control data of the crane,and build a system database according to a certain logical relationship.With the support of the hardware system and the database,the crane automatically stops and lifts the heavy loads at high altitudes to achieve the automatic control of the two tasks.Through system testing experiments and analysis,it is concluded that compared with the traditional control system,the directional angle error of the crane automatic control system based on ultrasonic ranging is reduced by about 2.49°,and the height error is reduced by 4.1 meters.