新冠疫情后我国产业链外移及产业链竞争力研究——以集成电路产业链为例

Analysis on Industrial Chain Shift and Industrial Competitiveness after COVID-19 Pandemic--Take the Integrated Circuit Industry Chain as an Example

文章通过分析我国产业链的优势与短板发现,我国制造业体系完备,产业链相对完整;产业配套能力强,区域产业集群快速发展;零部件国产化率不断提升,价值链逐步升级;技术创新能力持续提升,促进产业链自主可控。但是,我国产业链具有一定可替代性,体现在以中间品进口为主,核心关键技术高度依赖国外,加工贸易国内增值率下降。同时,综合要素成本上升、中美贸易摩擦、新冠肺炎疫情因素推动产业链外移值得重视,并以我国集成电路产业链为例进行具体分析。基于上述分析,本文提出了以下对策建议:强化核心关键技术创新能力,提高产业链的韧性;以产业集群为抓手,提高产业链供应链的黏合能力;提高对外开放水平,构建互利共赢的内外资产业链、供应链和创新链体系;构建以数字经济为主导的产业链体系等等。

This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of China's industrial chain and finds that:China's manufacturing system is sound and the industrial chain is relatively complete;Regional industrial cluster is in the path of rapid development with a strong supporting industry advantages;Industrial chain is upgraded,and parts and components is localized step by step;Technological innovation capacity is continuously promoted,therefore industrial chains becomes more independent and controllable.However,China's industrial chain has certain substitutabilities:The import is focused on intermediate products;The core technology significantly depends on the import;The local added-value in the processing trade is slightly decreased.Overseas transfer of global industrial chain,which is driven by the increase of integrated factor costs,China-US trade friction and the COVID-19 pandemic,deserves our attention.We also investigate China's integrated circuit industrial chain.Finally we present a set of policy recommendations,such as enhancing innovation capacity of core technologies to boost the resilience of industrial chain,improving the industrial chain and supply chain supported with the key of industrial cluster,upgrading the opening-up to create the mutually beneficial system of industrial chain,supply chain and innovation chain,which is composed of companies from home and abroad,and building the industrial chain system leading by the digital economy.