服务贸易观念的构建及其意义

The Construction of the Idea on Trade in Services and Its Implications

20世纪70年代前后,西方发达国家的服务业加快了国际化发展进程。经合组织(OECD)顺应时代潮流,从贸易政策角度提出服务贸易观念,开展相关政策研究和协调。同期,国际上逐渐形成了研究服务贸易的认知共同体,这为服务贸易观念的形成、传播以及《关税与贸易总协定》(GATT)框架下的贸易谈判提供了必要的知识、经验和智力支持。服务贸易观念的形成,得益于服务业的国际化发展,是多国经济学家和重要国际组织共同努力的结果。美国以服务贸易观念为指引,建立起服务贸易法律制度并使服务贸易成为GATT谈判的新议题,这对国际经贸关系以及全球经济治理产生了深远影响。深入考察服务贸易观念在20世纪的构建过程,可以为我国参与制定21世纪国际经贸新规则提供重要的启示,本文对此提出了相关建议。

In 1970s,the services sectors in US and other industrialized countries experienced a wave of accelerated development at the global level.Against this background,OECD presented the idea on trade in services from the perspective of trade policy,and engaged in the relevant policy research and policy coordination.Meanwhile,an international epistemic community researching on trade in services gradually took in shape,and it provided necessary knowledge,experiences and intellectual support for the contracting parties of GATT to negotiate on the multilateral rules on trade in services.The construction of idea on trade in services was an achievement resulted from the practices of services internationalization as well as the joint efforts of many economists and important international organizations.Based on this new idea,the US government introduced its legislation on trade in services,and made trade in services as a new issue subject to the GATT trade negotiations,which had a far-reaching influence on the world economy and global economic governance.This article examines the construction process of this vital idea on trade in services in the 20th century so as to seek the policy recommendations for the Chinese government on how to shape the international trade rules of the 21st century with other countries.