晚清重庆地方政府的兴学活动考察——以巴县新式学堂为例

An Investigation of the Activities of the Local Government of Chongqing in the Late Qing Dynasty——Taking the New Type of School in Ba County as an Example

清末一场自上而下的教育改革运动席卷全国,作为皇权在地方的延伸,各级地方政府在兴学活动中扮演了重要的角色。以重庆为例,细致考察政府的兴学行为及其背后的逻辑,结合时代背景分析发现,此时的兴学活动,除了要解决民众教化、增进知识等问题外,更重要的是面临新的挑战,如国家认同、国民塑造、强国强种等,而后者影响了截然不同的兴学内容和方式,形成了行政权力与士绅长期主导学务活动的竞争。所以,看似单纯的兴学活动背后隐含了行政力量在知识领域的强力渗透,以此作为维持政治秩序的重要手段。

The education reform movement in the late Qing dynasty swept the country,and local governments played an important role in the movement of setting up schools.Taking Chongqing as an example,the author makes a detailed analysis of the government's activities of setting up schools and the logic behind them.Combined with the analysis of the background of the times,the author finds that the activities of setting up schools at that time needed to solve the problems of superficial public education and knowledge enhancement,more importantly to face new challenges such as national identity,national shaping and powerful nation.The latter affects completely different content and ways of setting up schools and also forms a competition for administrative power over the gentry's dominating academic activities for a long time.Therefore,the seemingly simple activities of revitalizing the school actually imply the strong infiltration of administrative power in the field of knowledge,which is taken as an important means of maintaining political order.