法律关系理论溯源与内容重塑

On Jural Relation Theory:Tracing its’Source and Remodeling its’Contents

法律关系理论内部存在众多待解决的问题,惟有对其产生、发展过程有透彻的了解,才能解决这些问题。最早提出法律关系理论的是萨维尼,但他主要针对的是私法领域,因此,若将法律关系理论扩展到公法领域,需进行一系列改造。前苏联学者对法律关系进行了三方面改造:即,使法律关系理论社会主义化、体系化、普遍化。但在使法律关系普遍化方面做得不够。为此,需对法律关系理论进一步改造:第一,借鉴霍菲尔德的法律关系理论,拓展法律关系内容,建构法律关系立体模型;第二,将法律关系客体界定为权利-义务、权力-责任等指向的对象,进而将“权力”纳入法律关系客体范围;第三,增加新型法律关系主体,发展出适合公法的“权力能力”理论。

Jural relation theory is one of the important legal theory undoubtedly,but there are some questions about this theory to be resolved.If we want to solve all these questions,we must have a comprehensive understanding to the history of jural relations.As we all knew,it was famous German jurist Savigny who put forward jural relation theory at the earliest,but Savigny had repeatedly stressed that his jural relation theory was only suitable to private law,so if we introduce it into public law,we will face a lot of problems.In order to solve these problems,some former Soviet Union researchers have paid more attention to jural relation theory,and changed it from three aspects:firstly making jural relation theory socializing,secondly making it systematic,thirdly making it generalizing.But what the former Soviet Union researchers have done was not so enough that the importance of jural relation theory can’t be shown up in some departmental law.So we must further remould the jural relation theory:Firstly,using Hohfeld’s fundamental legal concepts for reference,and extending the contents of jural relations,and forming a kind of cubic structure.Secondly,defining the objects of jural relations into the objects which right-duty and power-liability refer to,and incorporating power into the objects of jural relations.Thirdly,adding some new subjects of jural relations,and developing a theory of“power-capacity”,etc.